today is good Friday, the day that Jesus died on the cross... to some of you guys whom totally dislike the discussion of Jesus, please just read, i promise not to psycho you.


Crucifixion is an ancient method of execution, where the condemned is tied or nailed to a large wooden cross and left to hang until dead.

This form of execution was widely practiced in Ancient Rome and in neighbouring Mediterranean cultures; similar methods were invented in the Persian Empire.

Crucifixion was used by the Romans until AD 337, after Christianity had been legalized in the Roman Empire in 313 and had become the religion favoured by the Emperor Constantine I, but before it became the official state religion. However, crucifixion has been used in various places in modern times.

A crucifix, an image of Christ crucified on a cross, is for most Christians the main symbol of their religion, but some Protestant Christians prefer to use a cross without the figure (the "corpus" - Latin for "body") of Christ.

Crucifixion was rarely performed for ritual or symbolic reasons, but usually to provide a death that was particularly painful (hence the term excruciating, literally "out of crucifying"), gruesome (hence dissuading against the crimes punishable by it) and public (hence the metaphorical expression "to nail to the cross"), using whatever means were most expedient for that goal. Crucifixion methods varied considerably with location and time period.

The Greek and Latin words corresponding to "crucifixion" applied to many different forms of painful execution, from impaling on a stake to affixing to a tree, to an upright pole (what some call a crux simplex) or to a combination of an upright (in Latin, stipes) and a crossbeam (in Latin, patibulum).

If a crossbeam was used, the condemned man or woman was forced to carry it on his or her shoulders, which would have been torn open by flagellation, to the place of execution. A whole cross would weigh well over 300 pounds (135 kilograms), but the crossbeam would weigh only 75-125 pounds (35-60 kilograms). The Roman historian Tacitus records that the city of Rome had a specific place for carrying out executions, situated outside the Esquiline Gate, and had a specific area reserved for the execution of slaves by crucifixion. Upright posts would presumably be fixed permanently in that place, and the crossbeam, with the condemned man perhaps already nailed to it, would then be attached to the post.

The person executed may sometimes have been attached to the cross by ropes, but nails are mentioned in a passage of Josephus, where he states that, at the Siege of Jerusalem , "the soldiers out of rage and hatred, nailed those they caught, one after one way, and another after another, to the crosses, by way of jest", and in John 20:25. Objects, such as nails, used in the execution of criminals were sought as amulets.

The gibbet on which crucifixion was carried out could be of many shapes. Josephus describes multiple tortures and positions of crucifixion during the siege of Jerusalem as Titus crucified the rebels; and Seneca the Younger recounts: "I see crosses there, not just of one kind but made in many different ways: some have their victims with head down to the ground; some impale their private parts; others stretch out their arms on the gibbet."

At times the gibbet was only one vertical stake, called in Latin crux simplex or palus. This was the simplest available construction for torturing and killing the criminals. Frequently, however, there was a cross-piece attached either at the top to give the shape of a T (crux commissa) or just below the top, as in the form most familiar in Christian symbolism (crux immissa). Other forms were in the shape of the letters X and Y.

The earliest writings that speak specifically of the shape of the cross on which Jesus died describe it as shaped like the letter T (the Greek letter tau),[12] or composed of an upright and a transverse beam, together with a small peg in the upright.[13] A hole would be dug in a cylindrical or a rectangular shape for the cross to be placed. Jesus was nailed to the cross through his hands or wrists and feet while the cross was on the ground. Later the team of members who executed crucifixion raised the cross and implanted it in the hole dug out in the ground. This lifting of the cross and implanting it to erect the cross dislocated the bones of Jesus. This is another main intention of crucifying the person convicted. The serum in the heart floated on the blood corpuscles due to exhaustion. Hence, when the soldiers pierced his heart, it bled water. It is the colourless serum which oozed out.


Location of the nails
In popular depictions of crucifixion (possibly derived from a literal reading of the translated description in the Gospel of John, of Jesus' wounds being 'in the hands'), the condemned is shown with nails in their hands. However, they would most likely have nails in his or her wrists, as the hands do not have the structure nor the strength to carry the weight of the full body. Although historical documents refer to the nails being in the "hands", the word usually translated as "hand", "χείρ" in Greek, referred to arm and hand together, so that, words are added to denote the hand as distinct from the arm, as "ἄκρην οὔτασε χεῖρα" (he wounded the end of the χείρ, i.e. he wounded her hand).

An experiment that was the subject of a documentary on the National Geographic Channel's Quest For Truth: The Crucifixion, and of a brief news article, showed that a person can be suspended by the palm of their hand. Nailing the feet to the side of the cross relieves strain on the wrists by placing most of the weight on the lower body.

A foot-rest attached to the cross, perhaps for the purpose of taking the man's weight off the wrists, is sometimes included in representations of the crucifixion of Jesus, but is not mentioned in ancient sources. These, however, do mention the sedile, a small seat attached to the front of the cross, about halfway down, which could have served that purpose. If the writings of Josephus are taken into account, a sedile was used at times as a way of impaling the "private parts" as he wrote; this would be achieved by resting the condemned man's weight on a peg or board of some sort, and driving a nail or spike through the genitals. If this was a common practice, then it would give credibility to accounts of crucified men taking days to die upon a cross, since the resting of the body upon a crotch peg or sedile would certainly prevent death by suspension asphyxiation. It would also provide another method of humiliation and great pain to the condemned, since nudity was almost certainly a feature of most crucifixions.

A possibility that does not require tying is that the nails were inserted just above the wrist, between the two bones of the forearm (the radius and the ulna). The nails could also be driven through the wrist, in a space between four carpal bones. The Gospel word χείρ (cheir), translated as "hand", can include everything below the mid-forearm: Acts 12:7 uses this word to report chains falling off from Peter's 'hands', although the chains would be around what we would call wrists. This shows that the semantic range of χείρ is wider than the English hand, and can be used of nails through the wrist.

Another possibility, suggested by Frederick Zugibe, is that the nails may have been driven in at an angle, entering in the palm in the crease that delineates the bulky region at the base of the thumb, and exiting in the wrist, passing through the carpal tunnel.


Cause of death
The length of time required to reach death could range from a matter of hours to a number of days, depending on exact methods, the health of the crucified person and environmental circumstances.

A theory attributed to Pierre Barbet holds that the typical cause of death was asphyxiation. He conjectured that when the whole body weight was supported by the stretched arms, the condemned would have severe difficulty inhaling, due to hyper-expansion of the lungs. The condemned would therefore have to draw himself up by his arms, or have his feet supported by tying or by a wood block. Indeed, Roman executioners could be asked to break the condemned's legs, after he had hung for some time, in order to hasten his death. Once deprived of support and unable to lift himself, the condemned would die within a few minutes. If death did not come from asphyxiation, it could result from a number of other causes, including physical shock caused by the scourging that preceded the crucifixion, the nailing itself, dehydration, and exhaustion.

Experiments by Frederick Zugibe have revealed that, when suspended with arms at 60° to 70° from the vertical, test subjects had no difficulty breathing, only rapidly-increasing discomfort and pain. This would correspond to the Roman use of crucifixion as a prolonged, agonizing, humiliating death. Zugibe claims that the breaking of the crucified condemned's legs to hasten death, as mentioned in John 19:31-32, was administered as a coup de grâce, causing severe traumatic shock or hastening death by fat embolism. Crucifixion on a single pole with no transom, with hands affixed over one's head, would precipitate rapid asphyxiation if no block was provided to stand on, or once the legs were broken.

It was, however, possible to survive crucifixion, and there are records of people who did. The historian Josephus, a Judaean who defected to the Roman side during the Jewish uprising of AD66 - 72, describes finding two of his friends crucified. He begged for and was granted their reprieve; one died, the other recovered. Josephus gives no details of the method or duration of crucifixion before their reprieve.


well, for a God to be able to go through so much - when he could just call down angels to protect him - i really wonder if i am deserving of this love he gave... well... this is God love for me...




okok... i am supposed to be updating on the events that are happening in my life aye? well, one of it is Chloe, she is this girl from my church and we have known each other since primary 1... time flies...

well, see , shes leaving for Australia to study... was kinda surprised on her decision... well, just feels kinda weird now... got another less person whom will talk to me in church... or a matter of fact, even speak to me and speak to me to catch up on stuff... time flies right? its been 11 years man... 11 years... DAMN!

well, hope she will be able to fit in well there, and please, TOP THE COHORT CAN? goodness, i remember her feeling so demoralised during O levels, saying she's gonna fail and everything... in the end... do so well... Goodness... well...

i still cannot get over one thing... can she just clean her Bass guitar... damn dirty... LOL...


well... schools been really a demoralising place for me... i guess i am really screwed up... having such screwed up results... well, i will do my best and not forget my aim... my desperate and my yearning to be a FIGHTER PILOT... i want it badly and i really wanna be a fighter pilot, i will Fucking make sure i do better in the mid year exams... i will become a fighter pilot...

and, on the gossipy side, i got that "feeling" again, you know, where people liking each other and showing it quite obviously... well, all these are happening in class... though they do not say or "obviously" show it, sometimes, when you look at them, you will know... i think you know what i am talking about right?

well, had a chat, a very very long chat with my mother in school... shinie, well, we talked about many things in life, relationships, family, school, people... its really good to have such a friend whom you can trust, at the same time, see things from a different perspective from another person's point of view, especially from a girls point of view...

well, perhaps i really have a different point of view love and relationship, it just that perhaps i really honour and respect such an "harmony of 2 totally different people" that God has planned for us in the beginning... well, i just find such a "thing" to be so, weird, so beyond our description and just so, special... i just feel that more respect and responsibility should be placed in a relationship - i am not saying that all people are like that - but from my friends around me, be it boy or girl, i have seen them being hurt from relationships, and i really just do not want to be a person whom has hurt other people in a relationship that is meant to be special and in a sense..."holy"... yes there will be arguments and fights, but it should be the minimum... more happiness and love should be involved...


well, though many people now wanna have a relationship to "show off", i still find it kinda disturbing cos you wanna be with another person not cause you wanna show off, but because you really want to be with that person all your life, through thick and thin, happiness and everything... and many people seem to forget that we all will get old one day... - all beings resemble their parents, and if you see the parents of your bf/gf, that is most probably how they will look like in the future... so... people change and you must accept that, she or he will not be like how they are like now... and we must accept that and its cos you love that other person you are willing to accept them as they are and will eventually be...

besides, theres no need to show off your other half, its how strong the relationship is that will make people jealous...


so... i say so much like a pro like that... i so confident that i will have a perfect relationship?

well, i dare not say or confirm anything on it... all i know is that i will try my best... through my actions perhaps i can show my love... but like what my mom say, actions are not enough... words will mean more... then on the other hand, she also mentioned that guys, especially guys should or in fact must mean what they say and never disappoint a girl at all... well... i totally agree...

but again, loving someone does not mean that the person will like you, i have enough experience of liking someone so much, and not getting back anything... its very tiring, very painful and very very disturbing... i am really scared to like another person now, plus the fact there are just so many uncertainties now, perhaps i will just keep things to myself and just wait... besides, i do not stand a chance at all...

well, the process of growing up is not easy task now...

guys should be fit and not have any excessive fats right? i also wanna be fit and have those "tight bods"... but... argh... its so difficult... but argh... at least for the sake for being a fighter pilot, i must keep myself fit... well... hopefully it will bring about some physical benefits...

well, for people whom wanna give up, please do not do so... continue to work hard its going to be all over soon, very very soon, just push on, and we will achieve our dreams, no fears, no doubts, just the yearning and determination to succeed... we can do it... and we will do it.



sometimes, all it takes to make my day is for you to call my name and smile...

MUSE live in Wembley





i really wanna rock on stage sometime in my life... its sure gonna be supercool... well...

today is good Friday, the day that Jesus died on the cross... to some of you guys whom totally dislike the discussion of Jesus, please just read, i promise not to psycho you.


Crucifixion is an ancient method of execution, where the condemned is tied or nailed to a large wooden cross and left to hang until dead.

This form of execution was widely practiced in Ancient Rome and in neighbouring Mediterranean cultures; similar methods were invented in the Persian Empire.

Crucifixion was used by the Romans until AD 337, after Christianity had been legalized in the Roman Empire in 313 and had become the religion favoured by the Emperor Constantine I, but before it became the official state religion. However, crucifixion has been used in various places in modern times.

A crucifix, an image of Christ crucified on a cross, is for most Christians the main symbol of their religion, but some Protestant Christians prefer to use a cross without the figure (the "corpus" - Latin for "body") of Christ.

Crucifixion was rarely performed for ritual or symbolic reasons, but usually to provide a death that was particularly painful (hence the term excruciating, literally "out of crucifying"), gruesome (hence dissuading against the crimes punishable by it) and public (hence the metaphorical expression "to nail to the cross"), using whatever means were most expedient for that goal. Crucifixion methods varied considerably with location and time period.

The Greek and Latin words corresponding to "crucifixion" applied to many different forms of painful execution, from impaling on a stake to affixing to a tree, to an upright pole (what some call a crux simplex) or to a combination of an upright (in Latin, stipes) and a crossbeam (in Latin, patibulum).

If a crossbeam was used, the condemned man or woman was forced to carry it on his or her shoulders, which would have been torn open by flagellation, to the place of execution. A whole cross would weigh well over 300 pounds (135 kilograms), but the crossbeam would weigh only 75-125 pounds (35-60 kilograms). The Roman historian Tacitus records that the city of Rome had a specific place for carrying out executions, situated outside the Esquiline Gate, and had a specific area reserved for the execution of slaves by crucifixion. Upright posts would presumably be fixed permanently in that place, and the crossbeam, with the condemned man perhaps already nailed to it, would then be attached to the post.

The person executed may sometimes have been attached to the cross by ropes, but nails are mentioned in a passage of Josephus, where he states that, at the Siege of Jerusalem , "the soldiers out of rage and hatred, nailed those they caught, one after one way, and another after another, to the crosses, by way of jest", and in John 20:25. Objects, such as nails, used in the execution of criminals were sought as amulets.

The gibbet on which crucifixion was carried out could be of many shapes. Josephus describes multiple tortures and positions of crucifixion during the siege of Jerusalem as Titus crucified the rebels; and Seneca the Younger recounts: "I see crosses there, not just of one kind but made in many different ways: some have their victims with head down to the ground; some impale their private parts; others stretch out their arms on the gibbet."

At times the gibbet was only one vertical stake, called in Latin crux simplex or palus. This was the simplest available construction for torturing and killing the criminals. Frequently, however, there was a cross-piece attached either at the top to give the shape of a T (crux commissa) or just below the top, as in the form most familiar in Christian symbolism (crux immissa). Other forms were in the shape of the letters X and Y.

The earliest writings that speak specifically of the shape of the cross on which Jesus died describe it as shaped like the letter T (the Greek letter tau),[12] or composed of an upright and a transverse beam, together with a small peg in the upright.[13] A hole would be dug in a cylindrical or a rectangular shape for the cross to be placed. Jesus was nailed to the cross through his hands or wrists and feet while the cross was on the ground. Later the team of members who executed crucifixion raised the cross and implanted it in the hole dug out in the ground. This lifting of the cross and implanting it to erect the cross dislocated the bones of Jesus. This is another main intention of crucifying the person convicted. The serum in the heart floated on the blood corpuscles due to exhaustion. Hence, when the soldiers pierced his heart, it bled water. It is the colourless serum which oozed out.


Location of the nails
In popular depictions of crucifixion (possibly derived from a literal reading of the translated description in the Gospel of John, of Jesus' wounds being 'in the hands'), the condemned is shown with nails in their hands. However, they would most likely have nails in his or her wrists, as the hands do not have the structure nor the strength to carry the weight of the full body. Although historical documents refer to the nails being in the "hands", the word usually translated as "hand", "χείρ" in Greek, referred to arm and hand together, so that, words are added to denote the hand as distinct from the arm, as "ἄκρην οὔτασε χεῖρα" (he wounded the end of the χείρ, i.e. he wounded her hand).

An experiment that was the subject of a documentary on the National Geographic Channel's Quest For Truth: The Crucifixion, and of a brief news article, showed that a person can be suspended by the palm of their hand. Nailing the feet to the side of the cross relieves strain on the wrists by placing most of the weight on the lower body.

A foot-rest attached to the cross, perhaps for the purpose of taking the man's weight off the wrists, is sometimes included in representations of the crucifixion of Jesus, but is not mentioned in ancient sources. These, however, do mention the sedile, a small seat attached to the front of the cross, about halfway down, which could have served that purpose. If the writings of Josephus are taken into account, a sedile was used at times as a way of impaling the "private parts" as he wrote; this would be achieved by resting the condemned man's weight on a peg or board of some sort, and driving a nail or spike through the genitals. If this was a common practice, then it would give credibility to accounts of crucified men taking days to die upon a cross, since the resting of the body upon a crotch peg or sedile would certainly prevent death by suspension asphyxiation. It would also provide another method of humiliation and great pain to the condemned, since nudity was almost certainly a feature of most crucifixions.

A possibility that does not require tying is that the nails were inserted just above the wrist, between the two bones of the forearm (the radius and the ulna). The nails could also be driven through the wrist, in a space between four carpal bones. The Gospel word χείρ (cheir), translated as "hand", can include everything below the mid-forearm: Acts 12:7 uses this word to report chains falling off from Peter's 'hands', although the chains would be around what we would call wrists. This shows that the semantic range of χείρ is wider than the English hand, and can be used of nails through the wrist.

Another possibility, suggested by Frederick Zugibe, is that the nails may have been driven in at an angle, entering in the palm in the crease that delineates the bulky region at the base of the thumb, and exiting in the wrist, passing through the carpal tunnel.


Cause of death
The length of time required to reach death could range from a matter of hours to a number of days, depending on exact methods, the health of the crucified person and environmental circumstances.

A theory attributed to Pierre Barbet holds that the typical cause of death was asphyxiation. He conjectured that when the whole body weight was supported by the stretched arms, the condemned would have severe difficulty inhaling, due to hyper-expansion of the lungs. The condemned would therefore have to draw himself up by his arms, or have his feet supported by tying or by a wood block. Indeed, Roman executioners could be asked to break the condemned's legs, after he had hung for some time, in order to hasten his death. Once deprived of support and unable to lift himself, the condemned would die within a few minutes. If death did not come from asphyxiation, it could result from a number of other causes, including physical shock caused by the scourging that preceded the crucifixion, the nailing itself, dehydration, and exhaustion.

Experiments by Frederick Zugibe have revealed that, when suspended with arms at 60° to 70° from the vertical, test subjects had no difficulty breathing, only rapidly-increasing discomfort and pain. This would correspond to the Roman use of crucifixion as a prolonged, agonizing, humiliating death. Zugibe claims that the breaking of the crucified condemned's legs to hasten death, as mentioned in John 19:31-32, was administered as a coup de grâce, causing severe traumatic shock or hastening death by fat embolism. Crucifixion on a single pole with no transom, with hands affixed over one's head, would precipitate rapid asphyxiation if no block was provided to stand on, or once the legs were broken.

It was, however, possible to survive crucifixion, and there are records of people who did. The historian Josephus, a Judaean who defected to the Roman side during the Jewish uprising of AD66 - 72, describes finding two of his friends crucified. He begged for and was granted their reprieve; one died, the other recovered. Josephus gives no details of the method or duration of crucifixion before their reprieve.


well, for a God to be able to go through so much - when he could just call down angels to protect him - i really wonder if i am deserving of this love he gave... well... this is God love for me...




okok... i am supposed to be updating on the events that are happening in my life aye? well, one of it is Chloe, she is this girl from my church and we have known each other since primary 1... time flies...

well, see , shes leaving for Australia to study... was kinda surprised on her decision... well, just feels kinda weird now... got another less person whom will talk to me in church... or a matter of fact, even speak to me and speak to me to catch up on stuff... time flies right? its been 11 years man... 11 years... DAMN!

well, hope she will be able to fit in well there, and please, TOP THE COHORT CAN? goodness, i remember her feeling so demoralised during O levels, saying she's gonna fail and everything... in the end... do so well... Goodness... well...

i still cannot get over one thing... can she just clean her Bass guitar... damn dirty... LOL...


well... schools been really a demoralising place for me... i guess i am really screwed up... having such screwed up results... well, i will do my best and not forget my aim... my desperate and my yearning to be a FIGHTER PILOT... i want it badly and i really wanna be a fighter pilot, i will Fucking make sure i do better in the mid year exams... i will become a fighter pilot...

and, on the gossipy side, i got that "feeling" again, you know, where people liking each other and showing it quite obviously... well, all these are happening in class... though they do not say or "obviously" show it, sometimes, when you look at them, you will know... i think you know what i am talking about right?

well, had a chat, a very very long chat with my mother in school... shinie, well, we talked about many things in life, relationships, family, school, people... its really good to have such a friend whom you can trust, at the same time, see things from a different perspective from another person's point of view, especially from a girls point of view...

well, perhaps i really have a different point of view love and relationship, it just that perhaps i really honour and respect such an "harmony of 2 totally different people" that God has planned for us in the beginning... well, i just find such a "thing" to be so, weird, so beyond our description and just so, special... i just feel that more respect and responsibility should be placed in a relationship - i am not saying that all people are like that - but from my friends around me, be it boy or girl, i have seen them being hurt from relationships, and i really just do not want to be a person whom has hurt other people in a relationship that is meant to be special and in a sense..."holy"... yes there will be arguments and fights, but it should be the minimum... more happiness and love should be involved...


well, though many people now wanna have a relationship to "show off", i still find it kinda disturbing cos you wanna be with another person not cause you wanna show off, but because you really want to be with that person all your life, through thick and thin, happiness and everything... and many people seem to forget that we all will get old one day... - all beings resemble their parents, and if you see the parents of your bf/gf, that is most probably how they will look like in the future... so... people change and you must accept that, she or he will not be like how they are like now... and we must accept that and its cos you love that other person you are willing to accept them as they are and will eventually be...

besides, theres no need to show off your other half, its how strong the relationship is that will make people jealous...


so... i say so much like a pro like that... i so confident that i will have a perfect relationship?

well, i dare not say or confirm anything on it... all i know is that i will try my best... through my actions perhaps i can show my love... but like what my mom say, actions are not enough... words will mean more... then on the other hand, she also mentioned that guys, especially guys should or in fact must mean what they say and never disappoint a girl at all... well... i totally agree...

but again, loving someone does not mean that the person will like you, i have enough experience of liking someone so much, and not getting back anything... its very tiring, very painful and very very disturbing... i am really scared to like another person now, plus the fact there are just so many uncertainties now, perhaps i will just keep things to myself and just wait... besides, i do not stand a chance at all...

well, the process of growing up is not easy task now...

guys should be fit and not have any excessive fats right? i also wanna be fit and have those "tight bods"... but... argh... its so difficult... but argh... at least for the sake for being a fighter pilot, i must keep myself fit... well... hopefully it will bring about some physical benefits...

well, for people whom wanna give up, please do not do so... continue to work hard its going to be all over soon, very very soon, just push on, and we will achieve our dreams, no fears, no doubts, just the yearning and determination to succeed... we can do it... and we will do it.



sometimes, all it takes to make my day is for you to call my name and smile...

MUSE live in Wembley





i really wanna rock on stage sometime in my life... its sure gonna be supercool... well...